Dravidian architecture was an architectural idiom that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india. Indian temple architecture can be broadly divided into two schools. The surya temple at modhera is widely known for its unique two structures and an artificial tank that resides along the eastwest axis michell 124, fig. During the pandyas rule the south indian temples were added with the lofty gate. Around this chamber there are often other structures and.
Module 3 dravidian free download as powerpoint presentation. Temple architecture and sculpture art and culture for upsc. The rock cut structures developed during the 7th n 9th ce tury under the rule of pallavas. The siddhalingeshwara jatra is a 15 day long temple fair held after the ugadi celebrations. Jun 14, 2016 nayakmadura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in planning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. Chapter iv temple architecture two noteworthy attempts. In this post, let us see the chalukya architecuture in detail. Shilpa shastras mentions three main type of temple architecture.
This is the vesara style or the chalukyan style of temple architecture. In the last article, we have seen the broad outline of temple architecture styles in india nagara, dravida and vesara and chola architecture in particular. The finest examples of dravidian style south indian style are temples of tanjore, madurai, mahabalipuram, badami, pattadakal and kanchipuram. Jul 29, 2017 in the nuclear chalukya cities like vatapi, aryapura, kisuvolal pattadakallu and other sites in western andhra desa a curious variety of temple form and architectural and sculptural styles are encountered. Stage 1 mahendra group marked the beginning of rock cut cave architecture word mandap was used instead temple. Dravidian temple architecture evolved in south india predominantly comprise of temples built of sandstone, soapstone or granite. This article deals with architecture, temple design, and art in the cities of the dasyus, it is to be observed that in the brahmanical law books, which. Nayakmadura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in planning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. It consists primarily of temples with pyramid shaped towers and are constructed of sandstone, soapstone or granite.
Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Vesara style of temple architecture flourished under the later chalukya rulers in the 7th century a. Temple architecture in south india dravida style four stages of temple architecture had been observed in south india mainly during the pallavas rule, around 6th century ad which are as follows. The squareshaped temple called vimana has one or more storied pyramidal roof while its cell houses the image or emblem of the god. It contains the samadhi of tontada siddalinga a 15 th century lingayats saint who preached the sharana faith.
Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple. Decorative band, rivana phadi doorway a garland of shrineshad also existed. Some of the best examples of the north indian style nagara style of temple architecture are the khajuraho group of temples, sun temple, konark, sun temple at modhera, gujarat and ossian temple, gujarat. Durga temple at aihole, karnataka is a prominent example of vesara style temple. Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india, built by the dravidian peoples. The basic layout of a temple can be visualized as a mandala, a miniature representation of the cosmos. The character of hindu temples reflected local architecture styles and the material and. Chalukyan architecture is a combination of nagara and dravida and hence. Temples styles in north india nagara style ancient indian temples are classified in three broad types. In the dravidian speaking south, the concept of divine kingship led to the assumption of major roles by state and temple. Dravidian style temple architecture hindu temples in india. The dravidian style of architecture can be categorised as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in plannning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. Constructed in the dravidian style of architecture, the temple is glorified in the divya prabandha, the early medieval tamil canon of the alvar saints from the 6th9th centuries ad.
At times, the vesar style of temples as an independent style created through the selective mixing of the nagara and dravida orders is mentioned by some scholars. Aug 25, 2016 the indoaryan style prefers a tower with rounded top and curvilinear outline while the tower of the southern or dravidian style is usually in a shape of a rectangular truncated pyramid. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india and in sri lanka, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. You will be glad to know that right now dravidian architecture pdf is available on our online library. The dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone.
Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in the indian subcontinent. Temple architecture is an important part of art and culture syllabus for the civil services exam. Three main styles of temple architecture are the nagara or the northern style, the dravida or the southern style and the vesara or mixed style. It consists primarily of pyramid shaped temples called kovils in tamil which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of. The last phase of dravidian temple architecture began with the collapse of vijayanagara empire and the declaration of independence of various nayakas. The pallava rulers lead the way of dravidian style of temple architecture and they built the temples atmahabalipuram. Jouveaudubreuil, gabriel 1917 dravidian architecture.
It consists primarily of hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse. Vesara style had combined features of both nagara school and dravidian school and resulted in a hybridised style. Temple architecture south india pdf download culture notes. Evolution in temple architecture through the various phases. Jun 26, 2015 the dravidian style of hindu temple june 26, 2015 hrodrigues among the massive amount of hindu temples in india there are two main types of temple styles, a specific temple style seen in the north and one in the south. Gujarat developed prolific regional architecture style.
Badami chalukya architecture the badami chalukyas also called the early chalukyas, ruled from badami, karnataka in the period ad 543 753 and spawned the vesara style called badami chalukya architecture. The south indian hindu temple building design system on the architecture of the silpa sastra and the dravida style k. The temple complex at khajuraho, a world heritage site, is a typical example of the vesara style. Details of the dravidian style of temple architecture in india and its subtypes. These temples usually have gopurams, which are large towers over the entrances. Several temples were built in this style in tamil nadu, but they were located in open space. Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and jain. On the architecture of the silpa sastra and the dravida style. The beginning of dravidian temple architecture in stone jstor. Jan 02, 2015 dravidian architecture with exampleshist teamwork 1. Mar 25, 2019 find out short notes on the difference between dravida and nagara style of architecture which is very useful for the competitive examinations like upscprelims, ssc, state services, nda, cds, and. Every style of building construction reflects a clearly distinctive basic principle that represents a particular culture and era.
According to historical manuscripts, rajasimha, a king of the pallava dynasty, built this temple from 685 to 705 ad. Variant forms are found in karnataka formerly mysore and andhra pradesh states. The basic architectural diagram of the dravidian style is shown. The construction uses the styles of dravidian architecture, as opposed to nagara temple styles. The brihadeeswarar temple, tanjore left has a vimana tower that is 216 ft 66 m high, a classical example of dravidian architecture that inspired the shrines of the prambanan temple compounds, indonesia, which contains a 154 ft 47m high central shrine to shiva middle left each temple shrine on the koneswaram temple promontory extremity. Temple architecture in south india dravida style iasmania. Unit iv temple architecture southern india brief history of south. The temple is designed according to the dravidian architectural styles, and the temple is dedicated to lord shiva. The dravidian style southern style of architecture can be classified into. These are the earliest temples of the dravidian style.
Post sangam age, tamilakkam, which was more of a cultural identity than a geographical entity was the crucible of development of a fabulous style of temple architecture known as the dravida. The layout of the town represents the cosmic diagram with walled kotte. Which among the following is the hallmark feature of the dravida style of temple architecture. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture architectural. Temple architecture is an important part of art and culture syllabus for the civil services exam the shilpashastras or architectural texts written in the early medieval period refer to three major styles of temple architecture. Nagara in north india is associated with the land between the himalayas and. A shikhara b gopuram c vimana d mandapa show answer vimana vimana is a term for the tower above the garbhagriha or sanctum sanctorum in a hindu temple in dravidian style. Finally, various elements of ornamentation such as gavaksha, vyalayali, kalpalata, amalaka, kalasha, etc. Both nagara and dravidian temples consist of a main shrine vimana which houses the inner sanctum known as grabha griha literally womb chamber, topped by a pyramidal. They consist primarily of pyramid shaped temples called koils which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a. Hindu temple architecture as the main form of hindu architecture has many varieties of style, though the basic nature of the hindu temple remains the same, with the essential feature an inner sanctum, the garbha griha or wombchamber, where the primary murti or the image of a deity is housed in a simple bare cell. In dravidian architecture the dravidian style southern style of. Temple architecture in india ncert notes pdf download.
The role of five elements of nature in temple architecture. Nov 26, 2015 some of the best examples of the north indian style nagara style of temple architecture are the khajuraho group of temples, sun temple, konark, sun temple at modhera, gujarat and ossian temple, gujarat. This classification is based on different architectural styles, employed in the construction of the temples. The temple shape may be rectangular, square, starshaped, or octagonal. The distinct architectural style of temple construction in different parts was a result of geographical, climatic, ethnic, racial, historical and linguistic diversities. The temple is an example of dravidian style of temple architecture. Module 3 dravidian religious architecture architectural. The dravidian style of hindu temple june 26, 2015 hrodrigues among the massive amount of hindu temples in india there are two main types of temple styles, a specific temple style seen in the north and one in the south. Under dravidian architecture, we have also seen the comparison between pallava and chola architecture. What is the difference between an indoaryan temple and a. Temples featuring dravida style architecture a brief description of the most important temples built by the pallava rulers that feature dravida style architecture is given as follows.
It seems that the temple was initially supposed to be a nagara style temple but there was a change of intention during the course of construction of this. In north india, brihatsamhita by varahamihira is the widely cited ancient sanskrit manual from 6th century describing the design and. Dec 06, 2017 here i recall my journey not in the way i took it but how dravida style of temple architecture has developed. Indian temple architecture evolution, type, design. Dravida temple architecture origin and development. The mandala is a mystical hindu symbol represented by a square enclosing a circle. The 8 th century papanatha temple in pattadakal is the only temple in the unesco world heritage site of pattadakal that has been designed using both north and south indian architecture styles. Jul 05, 2018 in the history of temple architecture in india, one conspicuous phenomenon in the bhoj tal, or bhim tal, would have been the biggest hindu temple in theabstract. We have covered in brief about the david ian and other deccan architecture styles. Gs art and culture temple architecture upsc preparation. What is the difference between dravida and nagar style of. They consist primarily of pyramid shaped temples called koils which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of many statues of deities, warriors, kings, and dancers. But of course, this style didnt take birth all of a sudden.
The entrance gateway in the centre of the front wall. In this article, you can read all about the indian temple architecture, its types and points to remember for the ias exam with respect to temple architecture. Three main style of temple architecture are the nagara or the northern style, the dravida or the southern style and the vesara or mixed. Indian temple architecture evolution, type, design layout. Get dravidian architecture pdf file for free on our ebook library pdf file. Nov 14, 20 the semicircular structures of the buddhist chaityas are also incorporated in some of the temples of this style. Mentioned as one of three styles of temple building in the ancient book vastu shastra, the majority of the existing structures are located in. Temples styles in north india nagara style iasmania. The south indian hindu temple building design system.
In this context the indian hindu temple architecture are not only the abode of god and place of worship, but they are also the cradle of knowledge, art, architecture. Temple architecture in india ncert notes most of the art and architectural remains that survive from ancient and medieval india are religious in nature. The hall of this temple has its long side positioned towards the principal emphasis of the. The temples of halebid, belur, somnathapura and pattadakal are some of the examples of this style. Temple architecture of high standard developed in almost all regions during ancient india. Azhagiya manavalan perumal temple also called thirukozhi or nachiyar koil in uraiyur, a suburb tiruchirappalli in the south indian state of tamil nadu, is dedicated to the hindu god vishnu. Hindu philosophical and metaphysical concepts dominate the architecture of the temple whatever its style. Here i recall my journey not in the way i took it but how dravida style of temple architecture has developed. The biggest ratha was dharamraj ratha and smallest was draupadi ratha. Vijayalayachola, rajarajachola, amaravathi, vimanas, dravida, punjai, garbagraha there are different views regarding the term vimana.
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